你好，我是徐昊。今天我们继续使用 TDD 的方式实现 RESTful Web Services。
回顾架构愿景与任务列表
目前的任务列表：
Resource/RootResource/ResourceMethods
使用默认构造函数转换 matrix, form, header, cookie
使用默认构造函数转换 List, Set, SortSet, Arrary
代码为：
package geektime.tdd.rest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.ws.rs.HttpMethod;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import jakarta.ws.rs.container.ResourceContext;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.GenericEntity;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Response;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import static java.util.Arrays.stream;
interface ResourceRouter {
    OutboundResponse dispatch(HttpServletRequest request, ResourceContext resourceContext);
    interface Resource extends UriHandler {
        Optional<ResourceMethod> match(UriTemplate.MatchResult result, String httpMethod, String[] mediaTypes, ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder builder);
    }
    interface ResourceMethod extends UriHandler {
        String getHttpMethod();
        GenericEntity<?> call(ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder builder);
    }
}
class DefaultResourceRouter implements ResourceRouter {
    private Runtime runtime;
    private List<Resource> rootResources;
    public DefaultResourceRouter(Runtime runtime, List<Resource> rootResources) {
        this.runtime = runtime;
        this.rootResources = rootResources;
    }
    @Override
    public OutboundResponse dispatch(HttpServletRequest request, ResourceContext resourceContext) {
        String path = request.getServletPath();
        UriInfoBuilder uri = runtime.createUriInfoBuilder(request);
        Optional<ResourceMethod> method = UriHandlers.mapMatched(path, rootResources, (result, resource) -> findResourceMethod(request, resourceContext, uri, result, resource));
        if (method.isEmpty()) return (OutboundResponse) Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).build();
        return (OutboundResponse) method.map(m -> m.call(resourceContext, uri))
                .map(entity -> (entity.getEntity() instanceof OutboundResponse) ? (OutboundResponse) entity.getEntity() : Response.ok(entity).build())
                .orElseGet(() -> Response.noContent().build());
    }
    private Optional<ResourceMethod> findResourceMethod(HttpServletRequest request, ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder uri, Optional<UriTemplate.MatchResult> matched, Resource handler) {
        return handler.match(matched.get(), request.getMethod(),
                Collections.list(request.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT)).toArray(String[]::new), resourceContext, uri);
    }
}
class DefaultResourceMethod implements ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod {
    private String httpMethod;
    private UriTemplate uriTemplate;
    private Method method;
    public DefaultResourceMethod(Method method) {
        this.method = method;
        this.uriTemplate = new PathTemplate(Optional.ofNullable(method.getAnnotation(Path.class)).map(Path::value).orElse(""));
        this.httpMethod = stream(method.getAnnotations()).filter(a -> a.annotationType().isAnnotationPresent(HttpMethod.class))
                .findFirst().get().annotationType().getAnnotation(HttpMethod.class).value();
    }
    @Override
    public String getHttpMethod() {
        return httpMethod;
    }
    @Override
    public UriTemplate getUriTemplate() {
        return uriTemplate;
    }
    @Override
    public GenericEntity<?> call(ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder builder) {
        Object result = MethodInvoker.invoke(method, resourceContext, builder);
        return result != null ? new GenericEntity<>(result, method.getGenericReturnType()) : null;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return method.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName() + "." + method.getName();
    }
}
class ResourceMethods {
    private Map<String, List<ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod>> resourceMethods;
    public ResourceMethods(Method[] methods) {
        this.resourceMethods = getResourceMethods(methods);
    }
    private static Map<String, List<ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod>> getResourceMethods(Method[] methods) {
        return stream(methods).filter(m -> stream(m.getAnnotations())
                        .anyMatch(a -> a.annotationType().isAnnotationPresent(HttpMethod.class)))
                .map(DefaultResourceMethod::new)
                .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod::getHttpMethod));
    }
    public Optional<ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod> findResourceMethods(String path, String method) {
        return findMethod(path, method).or(() -> findAlternative(path, method));
    }
    private Optional<ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod> findAlternative(String path, String method) {
        if (HttpMethod.HEAD.equals(method)) return findMethod(path, HttpMethod.GET).map(HeadResourceMethod::new);
        if (HttpMethod.OPTIONS.equals(method)) return Optional.of(new OptionResourceMethod(path));
        return Optional.empty();
    }
    private Optional<ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod> findMethod(String path, String method) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(resourceMethods.get(method)).flatMap(methods -> UriHandlers.match(path, methods, r -> r.getRemaining() == null));
    }
    class OptionResourceMethod implements ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod {
        private String path;
        public OptionResourceMethod(String path) {
            this.path = path;
        }
        @Override
        public String getHttpMethod() {
            return HttpMethod.OPTIONS;
        }
        @Override
        public GenericEntity<?> call(ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder builder) {
            return new GenericEntity<>(Response.noContent().allow(findAllowedMethods()).build(), Response.class);
        }
        private Set<String> findAllowedMethods() {
            Set<String> allowed = List.of(HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.HEAD, HttpMethod.OPTIONS, HttpMethod.PUT,
                            HttpMethod.POST, HttpMethod.DELETE, HttpMethod.PATCH).stream()
                    .filter(method -> findMethod(path, method).isPresent()).collect(Collectors.toSet());
            allowed.add(HttpMethod.OPTIONS);
            if (allowed.contains(HttpMethod.GET)) allowed.add(HttpMethod.HEAD);
            return allowed;
        }
        @Override
        public UriTemplate getUriTemplate() {
            return new PathTemplate(path);
        }
    }
}
class HeadResourceMethod implements ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod {
    ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod method;
    public HeadResourceMethod(ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod method) {
        this.method = method;
    }
    @Override
    public String getHttpMethod() {
        return HttpMethod.HEAD;
    }
    @Override
    public GenericEntity<?> call(ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder builder) {
        method.call(resourceContext, builder);
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public UriTemplate getUriTemplate() {
        return method.getUriTemplate();
    }
}
class SubResourceLocators {
    private final List<ResourceRouter.Resource> subResourceLocators;
    public SubResourceLocators(Method[] methods) {
        subResourceLocators = stream(methods).filter(m -> m.isAnnotationPresent(Path.class) &&
                        stream(m.getAnnotations()).noneMatch(a -> a.annotationType().isAnnotationPresent(HttpMethod.class)))
                .map((Function<Method, ResourceRouter.Resource>) SubResourceLocator::new).toList();
    }
    public Optional<ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod> findSubResourceMethods(String path, String method, String[] mediaTypes, ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder builder) {
        return UriHandlers.mapMatched(path, subResourceLocators, (result, locator) -> locator.match(result.get(), method, mediaTypes, resourceContext, builder));
    }
    static class SubResourceLocator implements ResourceRouter.Resource {
        private PathTemplate uriTemplate;
        private Method method;
        public SubResourceLocator(Method method) {
            this.method = method;
            this.uriTemplate = new PathTemplate(method.getAnnotation(Path.class).value());
        }
        @Override
        public UriTemplate getUriTemplate() {
            return uriTemplate;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return method.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName() + "." + method.getName();
        }
        @Override
        public Optional<ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod> match(UriTemplate.MatchResult result, String httpMethod, String[] mediaTypes, ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder builder) {
            try {
                Object subResource = MethodInvoker.invoke(method, resourceContext, builder) ;
                return new ResourceHandler(subResource, uriTemplate).match(result, httpMethod, mediaTypes, resourceContext, builder);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}
class ResourceHandler implements ResourceRouter.Resource {
    private UriTemplate uriTemplate;
    private ResourceMethods resourceMethods;
    private SubResourceLocators subResourceLocators;
    private Function<ResourceContext, Object> resource;
    public ResourceHandler(Class<?> resourceClass) {
        this(resourceClass, new PathTemplate(getTemplate(resourceClass)), rc -> rc.getResource(resourceClass));
    }
    private static String getTemplate(Class<?> resourceClass) {
        if (!resourceClass.isAnnotationPresent(Path.class)) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        return resourceClass.getAnnotation(Path.class).value();
    }
    public ResourceHandler(Object resource, UriTemplate uriTemplate) {
        this(resource.getClass(), uriTemplate, rc -> resource);
    }
    private ResourceHandler(Class<?> resourceClass, UriTemplate uriTemplate, Function<ResourceContext, Object> resource) {
        this.uriTemplate = uriTemplate;
        this.resourceMethods = new ResourceMethods(resourceClass.getMethods());
        this.subResourceLocators = new SubResourceLocators(resourceClass.getMethods());
        this.resource = resource;
    }
    @Override
    public Optional<ResourceRouter.ResourceMethod> match(UriTemplate.MatchResult result, String httpMethod, String[] mediaTypes, ResourceContext resourceContext, UriInfoBuilder builder) {
        builder.addMatchedResource(resource.apply(resourceContext));
        String remaining = Optional.ofNullable(result.getRemaining()).orElse("");
        return resourceMethods.findResourceMethods(remaining, httpMethod)
                .or(() -> subResourceLocators.findSubResourceMethods(remaining, httpMethod, mediaTypes, resourceContext, builder));
    }
    @Override
    public UriTemplate getUriTemplate() {
        return uriTemplate;
    }
}
视频演示进入今天的环节：
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思考题请思考一下，对于资源的访问，我们需要补充哪些相关的功能？

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总结

本文介绍了如何开展有效的集成测试，主要围绕使用TDD的方式实现RESTful Web Services展开讨论。文章首先回顾了架构愿景与任务列表，列举了当前的任务列表，并给出了相关的代码实现。接着介绍了DefaultResourceRouter、DefaultResourceMethod、ResourceMethods等相关类的实现细节，重点讨论了资源的访问以及需要补充的相关功能。文章还提供了视频演示，展示了实际操作过程。整体来看，本文通过代码实现和思考题引导读者思考如何进行资源的访问以及需要补充的相关功能，对于开展有效的集成测试具有一定的指导意义。

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